Scalar-based strain gradient plasticity theory to model size-dependent kinematic hardening effects

A common belief in phenomenological strain gradient plasticity modeling is that including the of scalar variables constitutive setting leads to size-dependent isotropic hardening, whereas second-order tensors induces kinematic hardening. The present paper shows it also possible produce hardening using scalar-based theory. For this purpose, a new model involving equivalent plastic developed and compared with two reference tensor-based theories. Theoretical investigations simple monotonic loading conditions are first presented assess ability proposed solve some issues related existing Simulations under cyclic then provided investigate nature resulting These simulations show capable producing effects at more affordable costs,